Indice del volumen Volume index
Comité Editorial Editorial Board
Comité Científico Scientific Committee
PURIFICATION COLUMN ON SILICA AND
CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A
COUMARIN ISOLATED FROM METHANOL
EXCERPT OF THE STEMS OF
PLANT SECAMONE AFZELII (ACLEPIEDACEAE)
FROM ABIDJAN - IVORY COAST
1Hervé ZABRI, 2Ahipo DUE, 3Véronique MAMBO
1Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et de Substances Naturelles.
2Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Nutrition. 3Laboratoire de Chimie de L'eau.
Université d'Abobo-Adjamé. Abidjan. Côte D'Ivoire
hzabri @ yahoo.fr
Rev Electron Biomed / Electron J Biomed 2009;1:18-23
Comment of the reviewer Prof. Pilar Muñiz Rodriguez. PhD. Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science. University of Burgos. España
Comment of the reviewer Pedro del Río Pérez. Community pharmacists. La Quintana de Rueda. León. España.
SUMMARY
The purpose of our study is to isolate the first molecule of Secamone afzelii and caracterize the family molecular of pure product. The research component is distinguished by a TLC, a luminescence to 366 nm with a front, Rf = 0.6. This molecule is not visible to the naked eye, nor to 254 nm, on the TLC.
The column chromatography on silica helped isolate the product search with a yield of purification equal to 18,67 ± 0.72%. The various tests carried out on the phytochemical extracted. The molecule isolated could be considered to coumarin.
KEY WORDS: Secamone afzelii, silica column, purification, coumarin, TLC.
RESUMEN:
La finalidad de nuestro estudio es aislar una molécula de Secamone afzelii y la caracterización de la familia molecular del producto puro. El componente estudiado es identificado por TLC, con luminiscencia a 366nm y con un Rf= 0,6. Esta molécula no es visible a simple vista, ni a 254 nm en el TLC.
La columna de cromatografía de silica permitió aislar el producto, con un rendimiento del 18,67 ± 0.72%. Se realizaron distintas pruebas sobre el extracto fitoquímico La molécula aislada puede ser la cumarina.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Secamone afzelii, columna de sílice, purificación, cumarina,
INTRODUCTION
In the world, 80% of people use medicinal plants for medicine, lack of access to medicines prescribed by modern medicine but also because these plants often have a real impact. Today, traditional knowledge is less and less transmitted and tends to disappear. That is why ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology working to identify anywhere in the world, plants deemed active and it belongs to modern research to clarify the properties and validate the use1-4.
The search for new molecules should be undertaken within the plant and animal biodiversity using data Ethnopharmacology. This approach allows you to select plants potentially active and increase significantly the number of discovery of new products assets. Interest chemists relate to natural molecules extracted from plants and animals, is increasingly growing. Several authors have studied compounds isolated from plants with multiple interests 5-7. In recent years we are particularly interested in plants recognized by users as having antioxidant properties. Among these plants are Secamone afzelii the family ASCLEPIEDACEAE. The methanol extract was tested and found to have antioxidant properties. The molecules responsible for this important quality would be bioactive flavonoids8-9. So far no author has isolated molecules of this plant.
The originality of this study is to isolate and characterize the chemical family of the first molecule of Secamone afzelii from a methanol extract
MATERIAL AND METHODS
1. Vegetal material:
The vines of Secamone afzelii we studied were harvested in Abidjan in small bush of the University of Abobo-Adjame, which is an extension of the Banco forest. The bodies were washed under running water continuously for fifteen (15) minutes. Then the leaves were separated from the stems. These were dried in an oven at 70 ° C for one week. The body was dry pulverized by a grinder (type RETSCH 811,100) for a powder which were conducted all studies
2. Method:
Extraction by maceration
The extraction method by macerating material in a solvent is to leave a certain amount of plant material in a suitable solvent for a sufficiently long period so that the solvent reaches out molecules based on their polarity. Figure 1 summarizes the extraction method that we used.
Figure 1: summary of the method of extraction maceration rods Seamone afzelii
100 g powder rod is macerated in distilled methanol (500 ml) for a week, then filtered by Büchner. The solution raw methanol S1 is vacuum distilled through an evaporator (Buchi R110 type MKE 6540 / 2) until a solid gross dry R1. The maceration is resumed with M1 to have a solid gross dry R2. Finally mass of R1 and mass R2 gives 9 g.
Purification column of silica.
The thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with developing the mixture chloroform / methanol (9.5 / 0.5) was conducted on the gross extract methanol. This reveals CCM to 366 nm and Rf = 0.6 luminescent a product that is not visible to the naked eye, nor visible to 254 nm. The methanol extract was purified on a column chromatography with silica, in order to isolate the compound luminescent at UV 366 nm. The column is mounted with hexane. The height of silica is 15 cm and the inner diameter of the column is 4 cm.
Phytochemical tests.
Several tests described in the literature6 have been made to characterize the chemical family to which it would be possible to include this molecule.
RESULTS:
1. Purification
Purification column silica is first elected to the well-hexane mixture and then with hexane / chloroform (50 / 50).
The desired product is obtained with pure 100% chloroform. Purification yields are co-signed in Table 1.
Table 1: Values returns to purify the desired product
The yield purification 18.67 ± 0.72% shows that in the methanol extract, this compound appears with a remarkable rate.
2. Characterization
The various tests have been made6, 10 to find the chemical family to which the isolated molecules are summarized in Table 2.
Table 2: Phytohemical Screening realized into pure product
The first test to see whether the isolated molecule is a coumarin was positive. We conducted another experience on the molecule belonging to the family of coumarin.
DISCUSSION
This test is that the cycle of coumarin lactone6, 10. This test was positive. In view of the two experiences, we can say that the isolated molecule may belong to the family of coumarin.
It is worth noting that spectroscopic analysis in 1H and 13C NMR, then SDM, we can confirm that the first approach and infer the structure of this molecule. But already these initial results will help the interpretation of spectra.
In conclusion, a study of thin-layer chromatography of a methanol extract of stem Secamone afzelii, led us to purify the extract methanol. The yield 18.67 ± 0.78% of the product sought to characterize the fact that this compound is revealing that UV visible to 366 nm, was purified.
The phytochemical screening done on the pure compound permits conclude that the isolated molecule is a coumarin.
REFERENCES
- 1.- Henrotin YE, Labasse AH, Jaspar JM, De Groote DD, Zheng SX, Guillou GB, Reginster JY. Effects of three avocado/soybean unsaponifiable mixtures on metalloproteinases, cytokines and prostaglandin E2 production by human articular chondrocytes. Clin Rheumatol. 1998;17:31-39.
2.- Gurib-Fakhim A. Medicinal plants: traditions of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow.Mol Aspects Med. 2006;27:1-93.
3.- Saucier C, Mirabel M, Daviaud F, Longieras A, Glories Y. Rapid fractionation of grape seed proanthocyanidins. J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Dec;49(12):5732-5735.
4.- Demierre A, Durand P. La vegetation macrophyte du Léman. Campagne 1997 - 1998, dans Rapports sur les études et recherches entreprises dans le bassin lémanique. Programme quinquennal 1996-2000. Campagne 1998. 129 -217.
5.- Szent György A. Oxydation, Energy transfer, and vitamins. In Nobel Lecture, Physiology or Medicin, Elsevier Publishing Co. 1965, 1922 - 1941.
6.- Dohou N, Yamni S, Tahrourh LM, Hassani I, Badoc A, Gmira N. Screening phytochimique d'une endemique libero-marocaine Thymelaea Lythroides. Bull Soc Pharm Bordeaux. 2003;142:61-78.
7.- Laidman DL, Morton RA. Unsaponifiable constituents of blowfly Larvae (Calliphora erythrocephala). Biochem J. 1962;84:386-389.
8.- Mensah AY, Houghton PJ, Akyirem GNA, Fleischer TC, Mensah MLK, Sarpon K, Adosraku R. Evaluation of Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Properties of Secamone afzelii Rhoem Phytother Res. 2004;18:1031-1032.
9.- Zabri H, Kodjo C, Anoubilé B, Békro M, Békro YA. Screening and determination of flavonoids in Secamone afzelii (Asclepiadaceae) extracts. African J Pure Appl Chem. 2008;2:80-82
10.- Békro AY, Békro JAM, Boua BB, Tra Bi FH, Ehilé EE. Etude ethnobotanique et screening phytochimique de Caesalpina benthamiana (Bail) Herend et Zarucchi (Caesalpiniaceae). Sciences et Nature.2007;4:217-225.
Correspondence:
Hervé ZABRI
Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et de Substances Naturelles.
Université d'Abobo-Adjamé. UFR-SFA.
02 BP 801 Abidjan 02.
hzabri @ yahoo.fr